The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly specialized brain endothelial structure of the fully
differentiated neurovascular system. In concert with pericytes, astrocytes, and microglia, the …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

The ability to use blood to predict the outcomes of Parkinson's disease, including disease
progression and cognitive and motor complications, would be of significant clinical value …

l-3, 4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) remains the most effective symptomatic treatment of
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, long-term administration of l-DOPA is marred by the …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Despite
its high frequency the etiology is still unclear; several lines of evidence show that an …

The dopamine (DA) precursor l-DOPA has been the most effective treatment for Parkinson's
disease (PD) for over 40 years. However, the response to this treatment changes with …

The sigma-1 receptor, an endoplasmic reticulum-associated molecular chaperone, is
attracting great interest as a potential target for neuroprotective treatments. We provide the …

It is anticipated that by 2040 neurodegeneration will affect 40 million people worldwide,
more than twice as many as today. The traditional neurocentric view holds that …

Recent studies suggest that the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is not static under
normal physiologic conditions and is likely altered in neurodegenerative disease. Prevailing …

J. Neurochem.(2010) 112, 1465–1476. Abstract l‐DOPA‐induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's
disease is associated with large increases in brain dopamine (DA) levels following drug …