Electrical stimulation of isolated retina with microwire glass electrodes

J Neurosci Methods. 2004 Aug 30;137(2):265-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.02.035.

Abstract

The development of high-resolution retinal prostheses fabricated from silicon wafers presents an interesting problem: how to electrically bridge the space between the flat silicon wafer and the curved retinal surface. One potential "bridge" is a microwire glass electrode. In this paper we present our results in evaluating microwire glass electrodes. We stimulated isolated rabbit retina (n = 5) with a 0.0256 cm(2) microwire electrode. The current and pulse duration were varied from 498 to 1660 microA and 0.1 to 3 ms, respectively. We found that short pulses produced more spikes per coulomb and longer pulses produced more spikes per milliamp. The optimal pulse duration range of 0.7-1 ms was identified as a compromise between the advantages of short and long pulses. Stimulation of isolated rabbit retina with microwire glass results in consistent neuronal spike formation at safe charge density, 20.7 +/- 4.3 microC/cm(2). We also examined the response of retinas (n = 6) to stimulation with a smaller microwire electrode, 0.0002 cm(2). We found that less current was required (15 microA versus 756 microA) for a 1 ms pulse, but at the expense of greater charge density (75 microC/cm(2) versus 29.5 microC/cm(2)). Nonetheless, a 128-fold reduction in area resulted in only a 2.7-fold increase in charge density required for a 1 ms pulse duration. The results presented here indicate that microwire glass can be used as a neural stimulating electrode to bridge the gap between flat microelectronic stimulator chips and curved neuronal tissue.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
  • Electric Stimulation / methods*
  • Electrodes*
  • Evoked Potentials / physiology
  • Glass
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / methods
  • Rabbits
  • Retina / radiation effects*
  • Sensory Thresholds
  • Time Factors