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Direct and remote modulation of l-channels in chromaffin cells

Distinct actions on α1C and α1D subunits?

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Abstract

Understanding precisely the functioning of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and their modulation by signaling molecules will help clarifying the Ca2+-dependent mechanisms controlling exocytosis in chromaffin cells. In recent years, we have learned more about the various pathways through which Ca2+ channels can be up- or down-modulated by hormones and neurotransmitters and how these changes may condition chromaffin cell activity and catecolamine release. Recently, the attention has been focused on the modulation of L-channels (Cav 1), which represent the major Ca2+ current component in rat and human chromaffin cells. L-channels are effectively inhibited by the released content of secretory granules or by applying mixtures of exogenous ATP, opioids, and adrenaline through the activation of receptor-coupled G proteins. This unusual inhibition persists in a wide range of potentials and results from a direct (membrane-delimited) interaction of G protein subunits with the L-channels co-localized in membrane microareas. Inhibition of L-channels can be reversed when the cAMP/PKA pathway is activated by membrane permeable cAMP analog or when cells are exposed to isoprenaline (remote action), suggesting the existence of parallel and opposite effects on L-channel gating by distinctly activated membrane autoreceptors.

Here, the authors review the molecular components underlying these two opposing signaling pathways and present new evidence supporting the presence of two L-channel types in rat chromaffin cells (α1C and α1D), which open new interesting issues concerning Ca2+-channel modulation. In light of recent findings on the regulation of exocytosis by Ca2+-channel modulation, the authors explore the possible role of L-channels in the autocontrol of catecholamine release.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INFM Research Unit and Department of Neuroscience, Torino, Italy

    Pietro Baldelli, Jesus Miguel Hernández-Guijo, Valentina Carabelli, Monica Novara, Tiziana Cesetti & Emilio Carbone

  2. Department of Pharmacology, UAM, Madrid, Spain

    Eva Andrés-Mateos & Carmen Montiel

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  1. Pietro Baldelli
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  2. Jesus Miguel Hernández-Guijo
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  3. Valentina Carabelli
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  4. Monica Novara
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  8. Emilio Carbone
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Correspondence to Emilio Carbone.

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Baldelli, P., Hernández-Guijo, J.M., Carabelli, V. et al. Direct and remote modulation of l-channels in chromaffin cells. Mol Neurobiol 29, 73–96 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1385/MN:29:1:73

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