Exercise pre-conditioning reduces brain damage in ischemic rats that may be associated with regional angiogenesis and cellular overexpression of neurotrophin
Section snippets
Subjects
Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats (260–300 g; Charles River, Wilmington, MA, USA) were housed in the same animal care facility during a 12-h light/dark cycle throughout the protocol. Animal care and surgical procedures were carried out in accordance with guidelines approved by the NIH and Wayne State University Animal Investigation Committee on the ethical use of animals.international guidelines on the ethical use of animals.> All efforts were made to minimize the suffering and the number of
Neurological examination
Neurologic deficits during ischemia and after the onset of reperfusion were compared between ischemic rats with or without prior motor exercise (Fig. 1). ANOVA analysis revealed a significant difference [F(1,16)=17.5, P<0.01] between exercised and non-exercised groups. Duncan's multiple range test further indicated that exercised rats (M=1.825) had many fewer neurologic deficits compared with non-exercised rats (M=3.125). Since a significant difference was found among the times after repeated
Discussion
In rats preconditioned by treadmill exercise for 3 weeks prior to stroke, we demonstrated significant reductions in neurologic deficits and infarct volume. In non-ischemic rats after the same schedule of motor exercise, we demonstrated significant increases in microvessel density and cellular expression of NGF and BDNF in MCA-supplied brain regions including cortex and striatum.
The phenomenon of “warm up” angina has been known for four decades (Maybaum et al., 1996). When patients with coronary
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Yandong Zhou, BS, MS, for his help in the preparation of this manuscript. Dr. James P. McAllister II is also appreciated for his support and encouragement of this study. This work was supported partially by American Heart Association Midwest Affiliate Grant in Aid and Wayne State University Research Stimulation Fund to Yuchuan Ding.
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Present address: University of Michigan Medical School.