Laser-evoked potentials after painful hand and foot stimulation in humans: evidence for generation of the middle-latency component in the secondary somatosensory cortex
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2022, Clinical NeurophysiologyClinical neurophysiology of pain
2019, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :In the mid-1970s, skin stimulations with a CO2 laser were shown to induce very focal and highly tolerable pain, and to generate regenerative LEPs at the cortical level (Mor and Carmon, 1975; Carmon et al., 1976; Meyer et al., 1976). Since then, apart from the CO2 laser (Treede et al., 1988a; Kakigi et al., 1989), different laser types have been used in this application (Arendt-Nielsen, 1994), such as a thulium-doped yttrium–aluminum–garnet (Tm:YAG) laser (Spiegel et al., 1996, 2000), neodymium-doped Nd:YAG laser (Lefaucheur et al., 2001), neodymium-doped yttrium–aluminum–perovskite (Nd:YAP) laser (Leandri et al., 2006; Mayhew et al., 2006), diode laser (Gulsoy et al., 2001), or argon laser (Arendt-Nielsen and Bjerring, 1988). The mechanisms of pain induced by laser pulses remain imperfectly known, probably mixing thermal (radiant heat), mechanical, and photochemical effects.
Anodal Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation (tsDCS) Selectively Inhibits the Synaptic Efficacy of Nociceptive Transmission at Spinal Cord Level
2018, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :The cortical generators of the early-latency LEP-N1 remains a matter of debate. Source analysis studies have suggested a contribution of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) and bilateral secondary somatosensory cortices (S2) (Tarkka and Treede, 1993; Xu et al., 1995; Spiegel et al., 1996; Valeriani et al., 1996; 2000; Garcia-Larrea et al., 2003; Valentini et al., 2012). Considering that in S1, the representation of the foot is more medial as compared to the hand, the contribution of S1 activity to the LEP-N1 might be strongly dependent on the location of the nociceptive stimulus.
Temporal Profile and Limb-specificity of Phasic Pain-Evoked Changes in Motor Excitability
2018, NeuroscienceCitation Excerpt :A trend toward an MEP enhancement at ISI = 100 ms was also observed in the extensor muscle of the stimulated hand (ECR). Previous studies have suggested that, at ISI = 100 ms, the nociceptive afferent volley has not yet reached its cortical projection sites (Xu et al., 1995; Spiegel et al., 1996; Valentini et al., 2012a,b). Therefore, it is likely that the enhancement observed at ISI = 100-ms results from nociceptive-motor interactions occurring at spinal level.
Empathy Predicts an Experimental Pain Reduction During Touch
2016, Journal of PainCitation Excerpt :This indicates a neural inhibitory interaction between tactile and pain stimuli at the spinal level. Spatially closed tactile stimulation also suppress N1 pain-evoked potentials,54 which is known to be correlated with the magnitude of the noxious stimulation and the perceived pain intensity, and also reflects the arrival of the ascending nociceptive information to the SI.25,28,74,76 It has been recently suggested that the level of empathy predicts brain activation in SI when seeing a hand being touched during painful stimulation application,9,56,70 suggesting an involvement of the sensory-discriminative cortex in empathy for pain.
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
2012, Aminoff's Electrodiagnosis in Clinical Neurology
This study was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Tr 236/6).
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We appreciate the technical assistance of G. Günther and G. Schatt.