Conditioned changes in nucleus accumbens dopamine signal established by intravenous cocaine in rats
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2018, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Drug-conditioned cues can elicit CPP (Bardo et al., 1984, 1986; Spyraki et al., 1982) or conditioned hyperactivity (Mucha et al., 1981) and stereotyped behavior (Barr et al., 1983; Tatum and Seevers, 1929) and in the case of opiates, conditioned cues can facilitate the acquisition of opiate tolerance (Siegel, 1975). In addition, cocaine and heroin cues can activate cortical and mesolimbic structures as indicated by functional imaging in addicts (Childress et al., 1999; Garavan et al., 2000; Grant et al., 1996; Maas et al., 1998; Wang et al., 1999; Wexler et al., 2001) as well as electrochemical measurements (Di Ciano et al., 1998; Duvauchelle et al., 2000; Gratton and Wise, 1994; Kiyatkin and Stein, 1996; Weiss et al., 2000) and cfos expression in animals (Brown and Fibiger, 1992; Le Foll et al., 2002). A vast number of pharmacological studies have demonstrated that the effects of such cues can be blunted by blockade of D1 and D3 receptors.
Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area blocks the acquisition of reward-related learning
2017, Behavioural Brain ResearchEnvironmental enrichment as a potential intervention for heroin seeking
2016, Drug and Alcohol DependenceImpulsivity and substance-related attentional bias: A meta-analytic review
2013, Drug and Alcohol DependenceCitation Excerpt :These dopaminergic responses are believed to cause the substances to be perceived as more salient and as having motivational properties, which makes both initial orientation toward and delayed disengagement from substance-related stimuli more likely (Field et al., 2009). Moreover, by the mechanisms of classical conditioning, the dopaminergic responses become associated with substance-related stimuli, such as the smell or sight of the drug; thus, substance-related stimuli become more likely to grab and hold attention through repeated substance use, which then leads to the development of both components of attentional bias (Duvauchelle et al., 2000; Gratton and Wise, 1994; Katner and Weiss, 1999; Kiyatkin and Stein, 1996; Kiyatkin et al., 1993; Robinson and Berridge, 1993; Schiff, 1982). Impulsivity, a multidimensional trait that includes tendencies such as acting without thinking, seeking out exciting experiences, and inability to complete tasks (Depue and Collins, 1999; Petry, 2001), has been theorized (Field and Cox, 2008) to influence the strength of attentional biases.