Passive avoidance in psychopaths: The effects of reward
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Cited by (184)
Social-affective functioning and learning in psychopathy
2023, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyPsychopathy and response inhibition: A meta-analysis of go/no-go and stop signal task performance
2022, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsResponse-locked component of error monitoring in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of error-related negativity/positivity
2021, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :On the one hand, results related to reversal learning suggest that the maladaptive behavior is driven by abnormal processing of negative reinforce during reversal modalities of the task but not by the impossibility to adapt behavior from the error-commission. On the other hand, psychopathic individuals fail to inhibit punished responses during passive avoidance suggesting that initial learning rules are degraded (Blair et al., 2004; Newman et al., 1990). Nevertheless, the incapacity to reversal behavior to meet the demands of the task suggests that psychopathic individuals display abnormal processing of error-related information and are less sensitive to the negative feedback following an erroneous response.
Psychopathy traits and reinforcement sensitivity theory: Prepulse inhibition and ERP responses
2019, Biological PsychologyCitation Excerpt :Mainly our findings may provide a cue, in line with Newman’s response modulation hypothesis (Newman et al., 2010), suggesting that the deficient fear-potentiated startle in “fearless dominance” or primary psychopathy trait in the normal population may be attributable to problems in switching attention to salient aversive peripheral stimuli (Newman & Lorenz, 2003). This may explain the reduced performance observed in passive avoidance learning tasks (Newman, Patterson, Howland, & Nichols, 1990), diminished interference to peripherally presented distractors in a primary task (Newman, Schmitt, & Voss, 1997), abnormal modification of startle reflexes (Newman et al., 2010), and that attentional focus was found to moderate the negative relationship between “fearless dominance” and fear-potentiated startle (Dvorak-Bertsch et al., 2009). Unfortunately, we failed to find any significant neurocognitive profile in individuals with secondary psychopathy (Factor 2), suggesting that this trait may arise through partly distinct mechanisms, although our data do not elucidate what these mechanisms may be.
Incentive salience & psychopathy: A bio-behavioral exploration
2019, Personality and Individual Differences