RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Structural Variations in Prefrontal Cortex Mediate the Relationship between Early Childhood Stress and Spatial Working Memory JF The Journal of Neuroscience JO J. Neurosci. FD Society for Neuroscience SP 7917 OP 7925 DO 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0307-12.2012 VO 32 IS 23 A1 Jamie L. Hanson A1 Moo K. Chung A1 Brian B. Avants A1 Karen D. Rudolph A1 Elizabeth A. Shirtcliff A1 James C. Gee A1 Richard J. Davidson A1 Seth D. Pollak YR 2012 UL http://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/23/7917.abstract AB A large corpus of research indicates that exposure to stress impairs cognitive abilities, specifically executive functioning dependent on the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We collected structural MRI scans (n = 61), well-validated assessments of executive functioning, and detailed interviews assessing stress exposure in humans to examine whether cumulative life stress affected brain morphometry and one type of executive functioning, spatial working memory, during adolescence—a critical time of brain development and reorganization. Analysis of variations in brain structure revealed that cumulative life stress and spatial working memory were related to smaller volumes in the PFC, specifically prefrontal gray and white matter between the anterior cingulate and the frontal poles. Mediation analyses revealed that individual differences in prefrontal volumes accounted for the association between cumulative life stress and spatial working memory. These results suggest that structural changes in the PFC may serve as a mediating mechanism through which greater cumulative life stress engenders decrements in cognitive functioning.