TY - JOUR T1 - Differential Encoding of Losses and Gains in the Human Striatum JF - The Journal of Neuroscience JO - J. Neurosci. SP - 4826 LP - 4831 DO - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0400-07.2007 VL - 27 IS - 18 AU - Ben Seymour AU - Nathaniel Daw AU - Peter Dayan AU - Tania Singer AU - Ray Dolan Y1 - 2007/05/02 UR - http://www.jneurosci.org/content/27/18/4826.abstract N2 - Studies on human monetary prediction and decision making emphasize the role of the striatum in encoding prediction errors for financial reward. However, less is known about how the brain encodes financial loss. Using Pavlovian conditioning of visual cues to outcomes that simultaneously incorporate the chance of financial reward and loss, we show that striatal activation reflects positively signed prediction errors for both. Furthermore, we show functional segregation within the striatum, with more anterior regions showing relative selectivity for rewards and more posterior regions for losses. These findings mirror the anteroposterior valence-specific gradient reported in rodents and endorse the role of the striatum in aversive motivational learning about financial losses, illustrating functional and anatomical consistencies with primary aversive outcomes such as pain. ER -